{"id":"W2095272527","doi":"10.1353/ken.2014.0017","title":"The Risk-Escalation Model: A Principled Design Strategy for Early-Phase Trials","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal","topic":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Clinical trial; Premise; Psychology; Minimax; Task (project management); Risk analysis (engineering); Intensive care medicine; Medicine; Actuarial science; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02516929,0.0001547339,0.0004833257,0.0001181644,0.0008237758,0.00009505608,0.0001752946,0.000617064,0.00000939177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01045677,0.00008780343,0.0002989995,0.000152001,0.0008001208,0.0001749159,0.00002423408,0.001777527,0.000001904545],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005742316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001170655,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000151799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000282057,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970628,0.0006476617,0.001098889,0.0001710009,0.0007510616,0.0002685873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995152,0.002313019,0.001008641,0.0002626545,0.0009992239,0.0002644575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007780812,0.0008979425,0.0002011579,0.0004629497,0.000981514,0.0000108271,0.003175447,0.1322608,0.01696392,0.5533376,0.00134833,0.2825787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009306969,0.001848484,0.0007913301,0.0003094727,0.0004957122,0.00006570444,0.00004830855,0.7136964,0.001629053,0.2587468,0.01290486,0.0001569763],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03477279,0.0002168286,0.9487965,0.01433413,0.0007662267,0.0007491104,0.00001220228,0.00002191395,0.0003302729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698198,0.000982749,0.0279549,0.0002060472,0.0007684413,0.0000176874,0.0000158369,0.0000207641,0.000213746],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.935047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2811560880110345,"score_gpt":0.4517286945382107,"score_spread":0.1705726065271762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}