{"id":"W2095822911","doi":"10.5539/jas.v4n10p212","title":"Exploring Opportunities for Enhancing Innovation in Agriculture: The Case of Oil Palm Production in Ghana","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Agricultural Science","topic":"Oil Palm Production and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken","keywords":"Business; Cash crop; Private sector; Agriculture; Production (economics); Sustainability; Scale (ratio); Supply chain; Food security; Agricultural economics; Agricultural science; Marketing; Economics; Economic growth; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003920673,0.00008085293,0.0001264103,0.0001187231,0.0001581723,0.00002479501,0.000188124,0.00002139167,0.00001337266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009431908,0.0000390159,0.00003696978,0.001996552,0.000260049,0.002474986,0.00005632178,0.0001540339,6.731749e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004181394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003443419,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001951187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007238007,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986852,0.00006308193,0.0005508513,0.0001329822,0.0003049664,0.0002629427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999243,0.00004391251,0.0003790852,0.00008804582,0.0001922001,0.00005379697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007448595,0.0005589151,0.0820129,0.0001279651,0.000008249557,0.00003540642,0.03308031,0.006853826,0.7173554,0.001369658,0.0007475201,0.1577754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001716679,0.00007391759,0.8253122,0.00004262081,0.000006637501,0.0007397191,0.09943768,0.000009577704,0.07370958,0.00008894099,0.0002962531,0.0001112052],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967045,0.00003775499,0.00001166364,0.002328672,0.0005263649,0.0001088587,3.835041e-7,0.000003104342,0.0002786886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991716,0.00002479988,0.0004299221,0.00002191853,0.0001709925,0.000013093,2.932711e-7,0.000001559732,0.0001658459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7432993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1794305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08546548415870055,"score_gpt":0.2693480862535182,"score_spread":0.1838826020948177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}