{"id":"W2096139473","doi":"10.4141/cjss08001","title":"The long-term effects of silvicultural thinning and partial cutting on soil compaction in red pine (<i>Pinus resinosa</i> Ait.) and northern hardwood stands in the northern Great Lakes Region of the United States","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","topic":"Forest Biomass Utilization and Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Strong","keywords":"Thinning; Environmental science; Basal area; Hydraulic conductivity; Bulk density; Soil water; Compaction; Loam; Soil compaction; Soil science; Agronomy; Hydrology (agriculture); Forestry; Geology; Geography; Biology; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004142111,0.00007555761,0.0001052311,0.0001678697,0.0002473329,0.00005669698,0.0002059723,0.00002117631,3.561251e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009503882,0.00004228163,0.00002045403,0.0006255048,0.0004149764,0.0001456102,0.00001189523,0.0001287848,5.030777e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001013197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000977327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005599079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4612582,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992316,0.00005993221,0.0002294268,0.00007315032,0.0002236536,0.0001822278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995194,0.00006981676,0.0001377906,0.0001015037,0.00008908159,0.00008241012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002204437,0.000008868372,0.9403309,0.00006808432,0.00001178017,0.00008384143,0.008894425,0.04737836,0.0006351239,0.00004653151,0.0001227985,0.002397306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004902684,0.00009210518,0.9867691,0.0003314424,0.000008928288,0.00007165945,0.001068988,0.008849035,0.002123361,0.00001695423,0.0001124937,0.00006561494],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988506,0.0002685775,0.00002925243,0.0005706457,0.0001040832,0.0001013099,0.000001265375,0.000003295731,0.00007094292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997711,0.0001468558,0.00000296198,0.00004856759,0.00001458422,9.481842e-7,7.723513e-7,0.000004500029,0.00000977578],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4556591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8464171,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01106736987870126,"score_gpt":0.1993455680978437,"score_spread":0.1882781982191424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}