{"id":"W2096482948","doi":"10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.10.003","title":"A European perspective on alternatives to animal testing for environmental hazard identification and risk assessment","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley","funders":"Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung; European Commission; European Food Safety Authority","keywords":"Risk analysis (engineering); Risk assessment; Hazard analysis; Identification (biology); Hazard; Adverse Outcome Pathway; Relevance (law); Environmental risk assessment; Risk management; Business; Computer science; Environmental planning; Environmental science; Engineering; Biology; Reliability engineering; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003318393,0.001249202,0.001572165,0.002761606,0.0003195973,0.001975143,0.001453733,0.003403529,0.007463395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00226758,0.0002916802,0.0007474729,0.003361736,0.001445379,0.003170934,0.001842737,0.002944114,0.001750149],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001500066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003319308,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00227504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003404727,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989479,0.0002683422,0.00009708818,0.0001544056,0.0004276829,0.0001046768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983736,0.0008520493,0.0002311629,0.00005712933,0.0003843884,0.000101616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001225541,0.0001117224,0.0001571782,0.008114838,0.00007383583,0.0003411559,0.00007302059,0.000653139,0.003183085,0.02674486,0.0319315,0.9284931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000127038,0.00008055372,0.0004230694,0.00287915,0.00005642773,0.0004342915,0.00006690172,0.00006448897,0.0004543739,0.006528743,0.988987,0.0000123544],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001798968,0.9910925,0.0007449756,0.001888321,0.0005896667,0.00000556212,0.00003173224,0.000008853877,0.005458491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001874003,0.9925251,0.0009007839,0.001919396,0.0004977519,0.00001034717,0.00005210608,0.00000495874,0.002215639],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007463395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02496755,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04139938115311728,"score_gpt":0.356207745619727,"score_spread":0.3148083644666096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}