{"id":"W2096693387","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1009519107","title":"Photophoretic levitation of engineered aerosols for geoengineering","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Carnegie Mellon University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Geoengineering; Stratosphere; Aerosol; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Atmosphere (unit); Sunlight; Particle (ecology); Meteorology; Chemistry; Climate change; Physics; Geology; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001279129,0.0001978029,0.0001000533,0.00009197846,0.0001864393,0.0003378812,0.0001904177,0.0003340578,0.000881783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001453683,0.00008917868,0.0001527564,0.00004510641,0.000203173,0.0002704969,0.0002447447,0.0002792184,0.0002978025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002905694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001433788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000327574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008650569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999934,0.00000968531,0.00000324698,0.00001529438,0.00002268309,0.0000151652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999254,0.00002782447,0.00001619239,0.000009678681,0.00001368503,0.000007217685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001156831,0.00001501403,0.0001442222,0.00004047703,0.000004157405,0.00004130116,0.00002373665,0.0004740485,0.994719,0.00082382,0.0001458005,0.003556795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004758392,0.00009215641,0.0003816787,0.000004409267,0.000004404913,0.00005727488,0.00002160928,0.005588335,0.9891194,0.0002329125,0.004488009,0.000005093218],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8896062,0.002942948,0.09014437,0.0009875334,0.0002438777,0.0001026643,0.0001131761,0.0003335846,0.0155257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9699462,0.0008196355,0.02259353,0.000203672,0.00002655369,0.00004714362,0.00006602281,0.00002541258,0.006271742],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000881783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002949893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03211036959731353,"score_gpt":0.2744139328955725,"score_spread":0.242303563298259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}