{"id":"W2096733008","doi":"10.1080/00150193.2010.489840","title":"Abnormal Domain Growth in Lithium Niobate with Surface Layer Modified by Proton Exchange","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ferroelectrics","topic":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Dalhousie University","keywords":"Materials science; Domain (mathematical analysis); Polygon (computer graphics); Lithium niobate; Field (mathematics); Electric field; Layer (electronics); Optics; Proton; Dielectric; Condensed matter physics; Molecular physics; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002497016,0.0002277961,0.0002234166,0.00007794076,0.00008439086,0.00005411795,0.0002033752,0.00009431894,0.0001164015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008273952,0.000191932,0.00004578325,0.0005159197,0.00004040691,0.0002175598,0.00003848099,0.0007361355,0.00003347162],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003203714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001058129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005127435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005603134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987314,0.00005115186,0.0001938447,0.0002996655,0.0002253683,0.0004985585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993902,0.00005901956,0.0001048291,0.0002240244,0.0001063435,0.0001155604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001338772,0.003160709,0.6124056,0.0002176793,0.0002460844,0.00007593955,0.002596041,0.00009924544,0.3567373,0.009169564,0.009921622,0.004031525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004799734,0.0007765209,0.006115627,0.00004008321,0.00005059656,0.00001105249,0.0001884035,0.009445955,0.9138373,0.006091346,0.05727587,0.001367545],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828525,0.00003283486,0.003167748,0.0001137312,0.00009072074,0.0006292065,0.00007166849,0.000034574,0.01300703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969872,0.000009127476,0.001459149,0.0000686796,0.0002019957,0.00008426046,0.0001063217,0.00003970212,0.001043518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6062899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7826759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009187100174555329,"score_gpt":0.2370083522460272,"score_spread":0.2278212520714719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}