{"id":"W2096944152","doi":"10.7202/006714ar","title":"Employer Resistance to Union Certification","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Relations industrielles","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Certification; Opposition (politics); Norm (philosophy); Collective bargaining; Business; Resistance (ecology); Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003998588,0.0001365934,0.0002380936,0.002207076,0.003491865,0.001564792,0.001035311,0.0006559417,0.004304848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02593492,0.000190108,0.0002618401,0.001178259,0.001863963,0.0004615159,0.001935289,0.001135165,0.0002314312],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005175758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006453316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4005062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5411505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.988272,0.001694238,0.0003094861,0.0007774297,0.006554721,0.002392092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9789078,0.006101424,0.008078796,0.0009027537,0.004343207,0.001666193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006299193,0.0000901646,0.9413661,0.00007249248,0.00003490343,0.0004535791,0.01274968,0.0002311694,0.001183512,0.002808284,0.001776593,0.03917056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002901284,0.00005706759,0.9802127,0.00006262493,0.00001346349,0.0003504987,0.0106437,0.0003283662,0.00028702,0.0001822182,0.007840523,0.00001890378],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828373,0.0001810661,0.0002545384,0.0006758217,0.0000151812,0.00002632144,0.00007730085,0.000007693536,0.01592476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985265,0.00007286845,0.00005160257,0.00007746065,0.000004721481,0.000004362086,0.00003990098,0.000002059455,0.001220451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4005062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7963499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04224431467075456,"score_gpt":0.2983322088506523,"score_spread":0.2560878941798977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}