{"id":"W2096988622","doi":"10.1614/ws-03-109r2","title":"Chaff collection reduces seed dispersal of wild oat (<i>Avena fatua</i>) by a combine harvester","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Chaff; Weed; Biological dispersal; Seed dispersal; Avena fatua; Biology; Agronomy; Avena; Weed control; Botany; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000299042,0.0001079796,0.0001545717,0.00002425613,0.0004054194,0.000112412,0.0004478017,0.00004896005,0.0000942382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003841684,0.00004550673,0.00005780531,0.001046636,0.0004198748,0.0005325696,0.00006275907,0.0000870931,0.00003654446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004094172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002468813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004196054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001215496,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988049,0.00002392422,0.0002157215,0.0003281053,0.000331707,0.0002956367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995039,0.00007158064,0.0001121789,0.00008027986,0.000108012,0.0001240906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000139313,0.00009369342,0.0002313837,9.540311e-7,0.000002649912,7.527107e-8,0.00008849373,0.000004741904,0.9894875,0.0006724628,0.001217329,0.008186806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006900688,0.0005642084,0.5757697,0.00003287664,0.00003196155,0.00001027178,0.0005865822,0.00290377,0.3473513,0.0005427579,0.07106683,0.0004497092],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885184,0.000136015,0.0000349535,0.008221435,0.00006626266,0.0002620496,0.00002340125,0.00005317089,0.002684382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962157,0.000003070715,0.0001376115,0.0003768614,0.0001269693,0.00004354555,0.00001192161,7.781481e-7,0.003083513],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6421362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6343206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009268167239179408,"score_gpt":0.2130439316691068,"score_spread":0.2037757644299274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}