{"id":"W2097268594","doi":"10.1109/iscas.2008.4541722","title":"A phase-frequency detector and a charge pump design for PLL applications","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phase-locked loop; dBc; Phase noise; CMOS; Charge pump; Phase frequency detector; Detector; Electrical engineering; Chip; Phase detector; Frequency offset; Physics; Electronic engineering; Voltage-controlled oscillator; Integrated circuit design; Offset (computer science); Engineering; Computer science; Voltage; Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing; Capacitor","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003999391,0.0005373402,0.0004779472,0.0005069937,0.0003810572,0.0008213033,0.001539195,0.001321854,0.005949059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008254384,0.0004032183,0.0003990991,0.0005747429,0.0002793731,0.001215564,0.0004113314,0.0007298357,0.001967506],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005338592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007308947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004389114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007234659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993367,0.00008616659,0.00004647532,0.0001435668,0.0003362224,0.00005094385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995219,0.00008638218,0.00007073685,0.00004580047,0.0002368207,0.00003827678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006390379,0.0001728199,0.001080454,0.0007007436,0.0001266732,0.0004084685,0.0001159537,0.004004723,0.7003165,0.02194506,0.007979415,0.2625102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003975134,0.003661407,0.002995144,0.0001280771,0.0004027676,0.005302082,0.00005782895,0.1380736,0.6069521,0.004567798,0.2373263,0.0001353386],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02462144,0.002115394,0.9606964,0.0006190373,0.0007380852,0.0003497669,0.0001782331,0.002365651,0.008316063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2682386,0.001487277,0.7101638,0.001147854,0.0007307674,0.0005443225,0.0003678988,0.0001600542,0.01715937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005949059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01990157,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04281181723911315,"score_gpt":0.2714940254506307,"score_spread":0.2286822082115175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}