{"id":"W2098617271","doi":"10.3138/cmlr.66.6.907","title":"The Occurrence and Effectiveness of Spontaneous Focus on Form in Adult ESL Classrooms","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Focus (optics); Psychology; Second language; Test (biology); Language proficiency; Mathematics education; Scale (ratio); Linguistics; Developmental psychology; Biology; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009423687,0.0002218052,0.0003871674,0.0001560595,0.0003101834,0.00008599129,0.0002894431,0.00007032792,0.00009581626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001157364,0.0001647213,0.00008356158,0.00007268194,0.0003624846,0.00008683469,0.00002197697,0.0005678773,0.000008365896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001364019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009468893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2025522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9536772,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985828,0.0002541358,0.0002795668,0.0002838977,0.00006904463,0.0005304983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982165,0.0008996362,0.0001130211,0.000369237,0.00009911619,0.0003025635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009823093,0.00007119271,0.00436117,0.008406996,0.0001243374,0.004154712,0.227466,0.00001269023,0.004114815,0.2257717,0.0004489419,0.5249692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003797923,0.001714237,0.08038331,0.08325648,0.0006587219,0.006299106,0.06400337,0.004553973,0.0005842529,0.0240945,0.7255709,0.005083179],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9743805,0.01606844,0.000003902631,0.0002582537,0.000213087,0.000359655,0.0002261934,0.00002858569,0.008461371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99738,0.001822453,0.00002677248,0.000159814,0.0001235264,0.00003689078,0.00003965051,0.00002710852,0.0003837817],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7511249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.802758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009084376054294154,"score_gpt":0.2189740864863739,"score_spread":0.2098897104320797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}