{"id":"W2098727166","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0868:cwioag]2.0.co;2","title":"COMMUNITY-WIDE IMPACTS OF A GENERALIST BROOD PARASITE, THE BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD (<i>MOLOTHRUS ATER</i>)","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Pacific Insight Electronics (Canada); University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Michigan Department of Natural Resources","keywords":"Cowbird; Brood parasite; Songbird; Generalist and specialist species; Warbler; Ecology; Biology; Parasitism; Species richness; Host (biology); Habitat","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001459644,0.0001821216,0.0001581238,0.0003613055,0.0004072086,0.0003513307,0.0001584814,0.0002016745,0.001166861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002888018,0.0001187902,0.0001920124,0.0001467601,0.0002032147,0.0002023329,0.0003694371,0.0002821963,0.00009634621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000442912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001930955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01467046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0595245,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998498,0.00004145892,0.000006348764,0.00004693903,0.00001661931,0.00003885834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999606,0.00003807421,0.0001280298,0.00001476034,0.0000413298,0.000171879],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003862453,0.0002342589,0.9479516,0.00003722413,0.000138616,0.00009855376,0.0003723703,0.0001269269,0.04638365,0.00002526524,0.0001397506,0.004105538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000196795,0.00009800019,0.9992508,0.000001162383,0.0000139302,0.00001977063,0.0001446215,0.00008134238,0.0003176221,0.000003735339,0.00006592675,0.000001061235],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998119,0.00002510313,0.00001544341,0.000006083868,9.517197e-7,0.000001445253,0.00004547831,9.383408e-7,0.00009258041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996759,0.0000215207,0.0000832947,0.00001675857,0.00000188875,0.000003928045,0.0001012185,6.980764e-7,0.0000948696],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01467046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02917016,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02059745671768311,"score_gpt":0.2594913240657092,"score_spread":0.2388938673480261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}