{"id":"W2099534048","doi":"10.1068/p7908","title":"Signal Detection Measures Cannot Distinguish Perceptual Biases from Response Biases","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perception","topic":"Multisensory perception and integration","field":"Psychology","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Illusion; Response bias; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Psychometric function; Psychophysics; Measure (data warehouse); Detection theory; Affect (linguistics); Perceptual system; Social psychology; Computer science; Communication; Data mining","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02066402,0.00138154,0.001450724,0.00249198,0.0005285963,0.003361169,0.001499387,0.002223919,0.003276422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1280019,0.0007532423,0.001378661,0.001733448,0.005156078,0.006811808,0.003580348,0.003824253,0.0012366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00104256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007291051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003397177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002373873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9813541,0.006165718,0.001907983,0.003211489,0.006894558,0.00046621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8900768,0.0824805,0.01069077,0.01186931,0.004024703,0.0008579062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002422511,0.0006134999,0.03431142,0.006837526,0.002391485,0.000281205,0.002372852,0.01701261,0.2107588,0.2717981,0.004591325,0.4466086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004145245,0.002539378,0.07544605,0.0008875388,0.0007322729,0.0009690148,0.0007200626,0.06003567,0.192683,0.6411236,0.02388925,0.0005596927],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2013542,0.003222199,0.7604674,0.002051978,0.0008158661,0.0006917787,0.0008099487,0.001512757,0.02907391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8068676,0.0008792806,0.1856216,0.002571404,0.0003750772,0.001105938,0.0003659093,0.0005831602,0.001630067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.979336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1092831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.247727547473263,"score_gpt":0.3873481443378789,"score_spread":0.1396205968646159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}