{"id":"W2100404203","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2005.06.004","title":"Why is second-order vision less efficient than first-order vision?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vision Research","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Luminance; Contrast (vision); Optics; Noise (video); Modulation (music); Sensitivity (control systems); Psychophysics; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Computer science; Mathematics; Pattern recognition (psychology); Physics; Psychology; Acoustics; Perception; Engineering; Electronic engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001246165,0.0004352684,0.000961971,0.0007298517,0.0005375192,0.003604538,0.00148322,0.001890297,0.009627404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009816113,0.000536165,0.0006245233,0.0006228574,0.001587057,0.008933892,0.0008735383,0.001503461,0.002844688],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000864077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006807723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001793731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001020276,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989273,0.00009298742,0.00005598372,0.0003429736,0.0003144101,0.0002664164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938574,0.002880963,0.0005941275,0.001262943,0.001015739,0.0003887589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001597681,0.0005331447,0.01744995,0.001784129,0.0004880483,0.0004326993,0.0007715255,0.006721092,0.3011708,0.3059854,0.01982848,0.3432371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002693602,0.0007121484,0.1068496,0.0002742075,0.0002572841,0.002933698,0.001280141,0.02745786,0.1326051,0.6886806,0.03846565,0.0002144523],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7405763,0.00922258,0.1388026,0.01758493,0.001222768,0.00008481472,0.000880675,0.002719642,0.08890576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9695483,0.002170116,0.0175115,0.001469539,0.0002106704,0.00004469601,0.0004620925,0.0004163825,0.008166621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009627404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03220689,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1214603690670385,"score_gpt":0.449056310285852,"score_spread":0.3275959412188135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}