{"id":"W2100573084","doi":"10.1007/s11676-014-0522-6","title":"Biochar-based bioenergy and its environmental impact in Northwestern Ontario Canada: A review","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Forestry Research","topic":"Bioenergy crop production and management","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Forest Research Institute; Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Bioenergy; Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Sustainability; Carbon sequestration; Amendment; Raw material; Life-cycle assessment; Productivity; Agroforestry; Biofuel; Natural resource economics; Production (economics); Environmental protection; Waste management; Agronomy; Engineering; Chemistry; Pyrolysis; Ecology; Economics; Carbon dioxide","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001477615,0.0002444617,0.0009593379,0.00009927555,0.00009486587,0.00005409264,0.0005873527,0.0001442383,0.000643348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005010776,0.0000851278,0.000273444,0.0003603964,0.00006787089,0.00007083166,0.000201199,0.0008223969,0.000007704556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008287411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006719441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.451916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.925865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974203,0.0004213591,0.0007118837,0.000286482,0.0007616012,0.0003983721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989994,0.0001410291,0.0004153908,0.0001180747,0.00007023429,0.0002558647],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002403887,0.0001282746,0.0007398954,0.004652222,0.00009116525,0.0001596894,0.000006768397,0.000003802312,0.00002843371,0.00001190575,0.009320267,0.9848335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009563892,0.0003726358,0.002492226,0.008894871,0.0000521585,0.0001126265,0.00001064594,0.00000140478,0.000003975299,0.000005190082,0.9878066,0.0001520162],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01977809,0.9790251,6.856055e-8,0.0007140937,0.0001124451,0.0003021064,0.00002914049,0.000002142569,0.00003686496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00388759,0.994997,0.000005358419,0.0001103438,0.0002686582,0.00001400661,0.00006614927,0.000002584038,0.0006483507],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9846815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7044209,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09217433719976928,"score_gpt":0.3414277350991168,"score_spread":0.2492533978993475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}