{"id":"W2100755015","doi":"10.1109/pess.2001.969992","title":"A new algorithm for digital low-impedance protection of busbars","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Power Systems Fault Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Power Generation","funders":"","keywords":"Busbar; Tripping; Relay; Protective relay; Electrical impedance; Microprocessor; Differential protection; Computer science; Waveform; Saturation (graph theory); Voltage; Control theory (sociology); Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Power (physics); Mathematics; Physics; Circuit breaker","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004179198,0.00008101832,0.0001045633,0.00006096584,0.00001416893,0.00002170863,0.00005112257,0.00005617801,0.0000152725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001559169,0.00008104404,0.00004984062,0.0001588801,0.000005004532,0.0002382951,0.000005371759,0.00004249399,0.00002253341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005212949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001047919,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006639433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001597249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995172,0.000002492239,0.0001672695,0.00009435877,0.0000843885,0.0001342789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997739,0.00001081397,0.0000239934,0.0001158617,0.00003230316,0.00004311445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006868864,0.00000701369,0.00001675162,0.00005304106,0.00002002363,6.339476e-7,0.00005102962,0.0006089557,0.007277345,0.0000135302,0.0008195402,0.9911253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009544333,0.0001883318,0.0001933461,0.0000921321,0.00001003261,0.00008620223,0.00007847928,0.7648163,0.1028202,0.0002972909,0.1301706,0.0002926548],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01922071,0.00005092059,0.9755907,0.000008277999,0.0005740903,0.0004360038,0.000007068477,0.0003502416,0.003762014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878342,0.000005283373,0.008912617,0.000002851832,0.0002019494,0.00006615382,0.000002480229,0.00002875548,0.002945666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9908326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.330488,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007751056129462995,"score_gpt":0.2069981160408334,"score_spread":0.1992470599113704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}