{"id":"W2100849329","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00740.x","title":"Immigration, Ethnic Wage Differentials and Output Pay in Canada","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of Industrial Relations","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Wage; Ethnic group; Differential (mechanical device); Immigration; Demographic economics; Economics; Labour economics; Work (physics); Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005598128,0.0001602873,0.0002858563,0.001793499,0.002612721,0.001413565,0.0004826838,0.0002380589,0.005610829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002591387,0.00008125127,0.0002095216,0.00352636,0.0009395414,0.0002500537,0.001020841,0.000503136,0.0002616374],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01362891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01197802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9799324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9887399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992079,0.00004284819,0.00002176039,0.0000643343,0.0002365076,0.0004265305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978991,0.0002402597,0.0004457454,0.00005230239,0.0006631347,0.0006995561],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002273248,0.00005292709,0.969957,0.00003879658,0.00003957457,0.000263251,0.003283414,0.0006101531,0.0003049624,0.00610632,0.002899391,0.01621694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005332061,0.000009280215,0.9939185,0.00002786398,0.000006849029,0.00003115482,0.002665048,0.0003264762,0.00009004567,0.0003603641,0.002551401,0.000007545869],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881159,0.0002944639,0.00005680335,0.0005465201,0.000009910842,0.000005591456,0.001294496,0.00000425419,0.009672063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975058,0.0001333193,0.00003432911,0.0000280155,0.000003611322,0.000001581593,0.0004071739,0.000002205976,0.001883967],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02006763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09888512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04147302883423695,"score_gpt":0.2261349126191504,"score_spread":0.1846618837849135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}