{"id":"W2101216643","doi":"10.1007/s10539-008-9149-3","title":"Natural selection and history","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biology & Philosophy","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of biology; Natural selection; Selection (genetic algorithm); Adaptation (eye); Natural history; Epistemology; Conviction; Order (exchange); Philosophy; Environmental ethics; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Computer science; Ecology; Philosophy of science; Artificial intelligence; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007428262,0.0001052389,0.0001193679,0.0001018325,0.0002911487,0.00001443663,0.0001110117,0.00004642001,0.0003233057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001043862,0.00009126402,0.00003973224,0.00001472002,0.0005723663,0.0001958095,0.00001238567,0.0001364139,0.00006223143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007724715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002257153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002498827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002317084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994247,0.00002643129,0.0001088862,0.0002332751,0.00005152648,0.0001551867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997706,0.00001589644,0.00005096807,0.00008186506,0.00003983831,0.00004085377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001731592,0.00002766294,0.0000318583,0.000002631025,0.000004904187,0.00000105338,0.001744571,7.412005e-8,0.0032104,0.9876919,0.004657723,0.002609867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001199154,0.0002801917,0.0004728031,0.000004832955,0.000006881834,0.000006628417,0.00001165083,0.00002298978,0.00002204937,0.3202206,0.6787081,0.0001233336],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1428671,0.01265234,0.00001007194,0.0142476,0.003413648,0.0001808947,0.0000103481,0.0003198034,0.8262982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932176,0.00002537234,0.0000559086,0.004001373,0.001518786,0.000002740041,0.000005789785,0.000003778521,0.001168607],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8503506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3721639,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04237640699763311,"score_gpt":0.220347642119364,"score_spread":0.1779712351217309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}