{"id":"W2102051711","doi":"10.7202/006904ar","title":"The Relative Earnings of Visible Minorities in Canada","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Relations industrielles","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Immigration; Native-Born; Demographic economics; Ethnic group; Census; Labour economics; Compensation (psychology); Economics; Political science; Demography; Sociology; Psychology; Population; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003745884,0.00004059728,0.00005855598,0.00004000276,0.0004186508,0.0000160654,0.0000813346,0.00007365128,0.0001728116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001032062,0.00003391927,0.00001566476,0.0005255893,0.0001272662,0.00009789668,0.000005417199,0.0001996558,0.000003733375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002384976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002734069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7327966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9892232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999234,0.0002102108,0.0001783869,0.00006241061,0.0001872579,0.0001277191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991423,0.0005872555,0.00008394929,0.0000776922,0.00007655565,0.00003217232],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001335668,0.000006993118,0.1829413,2.49873e-7,0.000006647506,5.005111e-7,0.01171401,0.0008549489,0.000001796095,0.8000939,0.00334431,0.001034028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001443547,0.000007436206,0.01528268,0.00001760327,0.000005997847,2.129054e-7,0.09816317,0.0003326436,0.00004449331,0.003368955,0.8825487,0.00008374805],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8029178,0.000376955,0.0001352797,0.002745983,0.0001559647,0.0001465244,0.00000687391,0.000009348186,0.1935053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9747079,0.0001785724,0.0000979831,0.00001774378,0.00001097298,0.000004916837,0.000001806001,0.000002765768,0.02497736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8792044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4850122,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01634725670176733,"score_gpt":0.2510703053146794,"score_spread":0.234723048612912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}