{"id":"W2102211258","doi":"10.1109/pac.1991.164464","title":"Multi-beamlet injection to the RFQ1 accelerator-a comparison of ECR and duoPIGatron proton sources","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal emittance; Ion source; Cyclotron; Proton; Electron cyclotron resonance; Beam (structure); Radio-frequency quadrupole; Physics; Beam emittance; Nuclear physics; Particle accelerator; Electron; Optics; Plasma","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008527044,0.0002514878,0.0004450616,0.0006788067,0.0003635043,0.0007028577,0.0009692443,0.0003510496,0.006683519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008534258,0.0002423502,0.0001917058,0.0007462483,0.000182153,0.0006478198,0.0006943021,0.0003569227,0.001243196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005948188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004278064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001016739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001672967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996018,0.00004487692,0.0000249908,0.0001077007,0.0001488648,0.00007175142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999314,0.000151559,0.0001084623,0.0001112916,0.0002372884,0.00007748485],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003596327,0.0002045968,0.008308495,0.0003086209,0.00005854845,0.0002719605,0.0002528105,0.001509387,0.8757272,0.002434693,0.003042911,0.1042845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004298644,0.00178179,0.03071157,0.00006076875,0.00008699825,0.0009830812,0.0001028747,0.00889207,0.9225675,0.0003054516,0.03401953,0.00005851987],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.913474,0.001727393,0.05261177,0.0004204954,0.0001674933,0.0004764578,0.002152027,0.004229151,0.02474121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9090317,0.0009267091,0.06550685,0.000308229,0.00008824973,0.0002979448,0.002892516,0.0007092347,0.02023872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006683519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02235866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03240864572208867,"score_gpt":0.2569757445009669,"score_spread":0.2245670987788782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}