{"id":"W2102879186","doi":"10.3390/en8064827","title":"Ash Content and Calorific Energy of Corn Stover Components in Eastern Canada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Bioenergy crop production and management","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Université Laval","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Stover; Corn stover; Crop residue; Agronomy; Heat of combustion; Husk; Biomass (ecology); Crop; Environmental science; Water content; Chemistry; Animal science; Combustion; Botany; Agriculture; Biology; Food science; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006828,0.00006690173,0.0001064112,0.000009050962,0.00002198741,0.00001203971,0.00007662627,0.00002316727,0.00002003107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009019574,0.00002759361,0.00001253841,0.00008643081,0.00004283419,0.00004257164,0.00006696463,0.00002497347,6.428613e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002903586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000123862,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6898319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.774519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994512,0.0000314118,0.0001240945,0.0001395083,0.0001445752,0.000109252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998092,0.00001346646,0.00004407353,0.00003479626,0.00003902378,0.00005944194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004888133,0.0006575318,0.2611589,0.0000568786,0.0001548015,0.00008412201,0.0008363898,0.003377751,0.3269575,0.09202946,0.0611011,0.2530967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006029808,0.0001687347,0.4403767,0.00002525423,0.000008043298,0.000004896413,0.003516871,0.0001821004,0.01575591,0.0003178839,0.538775,0.0002656125],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977952,0.0003140275,0.000001039526,0.000888243,0.0002999047,0.00002387763,0.000005613317,0.00001009612,0.0006619928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969332,0.00004560033,0.00001114579,0.0002132634,0.00005288625,0.000004006492,0.00001769337,4.406698e-7,0.002721774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4776739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3122336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08097280261504206,"score_gpt":0.1941216508129781,"score_spread":0.113148848197936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}