{"id":"W2103153914","doi":"10.1427/36439","title":"University Funding: A Comparison between Italy and England","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Public funding; Quality (philosophy); Political science; University system; Accounting; Block grant; Business; Higher education; Geography; Public administration","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003151899,0.0003203728,0.0007669152,0.0107289,0.0005426547,0.003873085,0.0007227837,0.0006469832,0.009754648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01463112,0.0002512855,0.0005038293,0.01978147,0.0007484587,0.001604667,0.00216941,0.0005613054,0.001817639],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00530594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003164377,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1003084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1110858,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944669,0.0007560343,0.0006095261,0.0006435574,0.001808733,0.001715233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9855992,0.002409259,0.006747237,0.0007150688,0.003027317,0.001502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001387113,0.0001201712,0.785123,0.002230212,0.0003001403,0.001660411,0.01081091,0.0005916251,0.001063468,0.02223591,0.06396577,0.1105113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004676944,0.00006278882,0.9311032,0.0004272785,0.0000564419,0.000474483,0.002583776,0.00008102589,0.00009870489,0.000281568,0.06475767,0.00002617695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7478236,0.04243385,0.000696477,0.01140424,0.0003751388,0.0001116368,0.03133046,0.0001349367,0.1656897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.958645,0.01037141,0.0003721812,0.001218271,0.0003334422,0.0001384221,0.01534868,0.00008722752,0.01348531],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1003084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.199449,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03571125825336585,"score_gpt":0.2131297700326371,"score_spread":0.1774185117792712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}