{"id":"W2103153914","doi":"10.1427/36439","title":"University Funding: A Comparison between Italy and England","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Public funding; Quality (philosophy); Political science; University system; Accounting; Block grant; Business; Higher education; Geography; Public administration","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001591863,0.0001198778,0.0003205792,0.0001741221,0.0002609332,0.00003800328,0.0001636172,0.00007847305,0.00005809614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002193438,0.0001449501,0.00007862803,0.0000793733,0.0000507435,0.0006505341,0.00003387312,0.0006895019,0.0002191879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006513221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001095385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007870997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008567985,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982908,0.00002674062,0.0003096092,0.0001741827,0.00002047993,0.001178167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999418,0.00003646737,0.00027188,0.0001164036,0.00001012628,0.0001471466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000163897,0.00002658321,0.5309677,0.000002896922,0.0001041831,7.328601e-7,0.0009563538,7.720632e-7,0.000002298202,0.4659889,0.00008647856,0.001846774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001560354,0.0002658104,0.06010436,0.000009029999,0.00003388257,0.00009717538,0.003982098,0.00006404134,0.00001152748,0.09255514,0.8408633,0.0004533171],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9614925,0.01734335,0.001953623,0.0002543785,0.0002484478,0.00005599854,0.00001531351,0.00002005514,0.01861632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925076,0.0007502701,0.00003295929,0.00002295577,0.0004330219,3.38963e-7,0.000005545107,0.00001322289,0.006234064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8407768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5910895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03571125825336585,"score_gpt":0.2131297700326371,"score_spread":0.1774185117792712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}