{"id":"W2103745340","doi":"10.1109/ase.2002.1115029","title":"Adding value to formal test oracles","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Test (biology); Programming language; Code coverage; Value (mathematics); Test case; Test Management Approach; Keyword-driven testing; Process (computing); Formal verification; Test harness; Software engineering; Software; Theoretical computer science; Software development; Machine learning; Software construction","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001735165,0.00008234844,0.00007596757,0.00009194065,0.0001186933,0.000143242,0.0005734431,0.000028528,0.00003800546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005171727,0.00006998629,0.00002762886,0.0003350774,0.00001005489,0.000380086,0.0002817703,0.0000602608,0.0003453891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001939088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005824581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004145814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000147405,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992491,0.00001061115,0.000113138,0.0002128237,0.0001504637,0.000263857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991053,0.000350886,0.00002197342,0.0003875736,0.00003813141,0.00009608751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[5.860484e-7,0.000102809,0.00796752,0.000007867837,0.000003974057,0.0000241387,0.0007390766,0.00005339657,0.0002585123,0.06668736,0.4314418,0.492713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003737053,0.0008826467,0.008857127,0.0002024166,0.000008320184,0.0002549067,0.00001416383,0.8446375,0.01252606,0.05064522,0.08040157,0.001196356],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001915218,0.00003116284,0.9372322,0.001105155,0.0001038383,0.00008555392,6.979576e-7,0.0199127,0.03961348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4824823,9.870589e-7,0.5157864,0.001116215,0.00003115045,0.000007669479,1.203462e-7,0.000004396849,0.0005707636],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8445841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4439393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03135776340264899,"score_gpt":0.253540257676668,"score_spread":0.2221824942740191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}