{"id":"W2103787739","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-5890.2015.12061","title":"Electoral Competition as a Determinant of Fiscal Decentralisation*","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fiscal Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Centralisation; Decentralization; Legislature; Economics; Government (linguistics); Revenue; Competition (biology); Monetary economics; Market economy; Political science; Finance; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002635674,0.0000795099,0.0001739656,0.00002135119,0.0001749323,0.00002054925,0.00009656141,0.00005295626,0.00005124203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000550996,0.00006744584,0.00004769839,0.0002000622,0.0002563925,0.0001848379,0.00003848299,0.00004117931,0.00004439167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001970648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005749488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007658385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001822177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988,0.0001009336,0.000202114,0.0001318534,0.0005283669,0.0002367258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995542,0.00006572279,0.0001001125,0.00007033001,0.0001196078,0.00009001053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002068143,0.0003410568,0.608263,0.0000537537,0.0001054383,0.00001686914,0.04442104,0.00007026872,0.0002056753,0.2894286,0.04788991,0.008997625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00303449,0.001042355,0.3349362,0.0002996046,0.0001634851,0.000005761859,0.04217976,0.0003040501,0.009380031,0.05990791,0.5478805,0.0008658217],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9802018,0.001065016,0.0006705401,0.002776638,0.0006351208,0.0002645398,0.0000128492,0.00006240122,0.01431109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984844,0.0003980244,0.0001144527,0.0001462067,0.0001601145,0.00001098498,0.000008655077,0.000004643161,0.0006724673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4999906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2750362,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09311094689988728,"score_gpt":0.3706270969160971,"score_spread":0.2775161500162099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}