{"id":"W2103905381","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00893.x","title":"Input and Second Language Acquisition: The Roles of Frequency, Form, and Function Introduction to the Special Issue","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Language Journal","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Psycholinguistics; Salience (neuroscience); Schematic; Linguistics; Computer science; Function (biology); Meaning (existential); Second-language acquisition; Language acquisition; Cognition; Interpretation (philosophy); Range (aeronautics); Natural language processing; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000580577,0.000140981,0.0001675526,0.000107084,0.0002538924,0.0001056411,0.0001338329,0.00008654789,0.00355925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000342802,0.00008223543,0.00005955348,0.0001289036,0.00006228453,0.0001879778,0.00002528689,0.000318872,0.00003374635],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002248522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001405305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003567711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000296462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989312,0.0001761521,0.0002613108,0.0002053865,0.0002133728,0.0002126297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994023,0.00004046862,0.0001519428,0.0002552569,0.00007239906,0.00007761693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004222423,0.0001071049,0.0002250418,0.00001492907,0.0001338966,0.00008507859,0.1734586,0.000008113347,0.03350333,0.00141187,0.02448776,0.7661421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008731232,0.004863441,0.4185946,0.000222691,0.001366113,0.01507156,0.3724,0.0004395249,0.01990835,0.08135051,0.07534342,0.001708563],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9774877,0.005642226,0.003553448,0.005928657,0.0008468279,0.000222384,0.00002317513,0.00002193852,0.006273666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9786879,0.00004063844,0.0001369072,0.002135112,0.01753218,0.000007084491,0.00001298725,0.00001270165,0.001434437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7644335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006939146306049415,"score_gpt":0.2544373422852247,"score_spread":0.2474981959791753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}