{"id":"W2104870442","doi":"10.1109/robot.2002.1014850","title":"Needle insertion modelling and simulation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Imaging phantom; Planar; Finite element method; Deformation (meteorology); Computer science; Contact force; Penetration (warfare); Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Optics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001801412,0.00002368268,0.00001963856,0.00001297563,0.00001987995,0.000009871451,0.000007152289,0.00001466021,0.00001176745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002013687,0.00002371126,0.000004339629,0.00003981165,0.000002276132,0.0000317136,0.000001073325,0.00001660083,0.000009193847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004564249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.516349e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002395038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.16039e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998749,0.000001348798,0.00003791365,0.00003151294,0.00001778803,0.00003650166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999926,0.00001300969,0.000002270914,0.0000374768,0.000006314772,0.00001496604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[5.747921e-8,0.0000017303,0.0001025745,0.000001929203,0.000001027857,1.194911e-8,0.00002115911,0.9909643,0.0003930234,0.008170048,0.00001420076,0.0003299548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003427464,0.000001204205,0.0001828386,8.807833e-7,0.000001540998,2.063089e-7,0.00001216702,0.9953501,0.0005953922,0.002201036,0.001589194,0.00003121663],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2466542,0.00003951563,0.7451395,0.000006642623,0.00001474012,0.00002664274,1.117414e-7,0.00007965279,0.008039044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902291,0.00001410107,0.009663478,0.00001119423,0.000006556991,0.000002790638,0.000001053669,0.000005020755,0.00006671574],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7435749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0966917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02261580650205434,"score_gpt":0.2193479828276358,"score_spread":0.1967321763255815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}