{"id":"W2104943474","doi":"10.1061/9780784413517.051","title":"Carbon Footprint of Panelized Construction: An Empirical and Comparative Study","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Construction Research Congress 2014","topic":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Northern Alberta Institute of Technology; University of Alberta; Alberta Environment and Protected Areas","funders":"","keywords":"Carbon footprint; Greenhouse gas; Framing (construction); Prefabrication; Sustainability; Embodied energy; Engineering; Empirical research; Ecological footprint; Environmental economics; Environmental science; Civil engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016918,0.0001654457,0.000335215,0.0001047602,0.0002505056,0.00005454194,0.0002151272,0.00009267133,0.0006616054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001867972,0.0001469234,0.00003766092,0.0002394435,0.004111274,0.000145033,0.0003627294,0.0003543127,0.00002136809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001834987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002731545,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000919142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002511012,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996737,0.001297039,0.0003490926,0.0005077905,0.0007353006,0.000373758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998824,0.0001947721,0.0001083051,0.0004958643,0.00007541291,0.000301636],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001421028,0.0002524728,0.970173,0.00001400385,0.00001980049,0.000002455742,0.001145343,0.00003359978,0.002536803,0.0004698237,0.00004273264,0.02516784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001753095,0.001396705,0.9597882,0.00001104688,0.00002135796,0.00006316791,0.02438501,0.002457212,0.004800626,0.002825716,0.002233785,0.00026405],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989583,0.00001840896,0.0000624796,0.000109157,0.0001753576,0.000674923,0.000003435617,0.00002996467,0.009343241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986423,0.00001359687,0.001128769,0.000007899547,0.00003383085,0.00003787133,0.000002466135,0.000008309864,0.0001249535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02490379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998599,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08477756767874897,"score_gpt":0.3988973877322328,"score_spread":0.3141198200534838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}