{"id":"W2105223773","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1206414109","title":"Images reveal that atmospheric particles can undergo liquid–liquid phase separations","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":278,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Absorption (acoustics); Aerosol; Phase (matter); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Relative humidity; Chemistry; Liquid liquid; Liquid water content; Chemical physics; Materials science; Chromatography; Meteorology; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008363727,0.0001135763,0.0001453336,0.000005991,0.0003586127,0.00003266406,0.0005653604,0.00006765767,0.0002846759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002191109,0.00007488475,0.00007604572,0.0006091247,0.0008212905,0.000821845,0.0000393457,0.0001290632,0.000006731193],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009165492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004807178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004392734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.930981e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984316,0.000009539159,0.0002703855,0.0001885814,0.0008137345,0.0002861398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992988,0.000148556,0.0003412696,0.00001137093,0.00009661374,0.0001034346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002754217,0.0003000041,0.2408288,0.0001485026,0.00006641057,3.562851e-8,0.001272793,0.002007657,0.7382082,0.006338471,0.008858956,0.001694807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003075145,0.0002063008,0.09095427,0.00005624167,0.00002797622,0.00002036826,0.0008200483,0.0009109761,0.9022661,0.00335664,0.0008796641,0.0001939469],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9868034,0.0004091535,0.000003272931,0.002444411,0.00003356917,0.0001109552,0.00005231312,0.00001716373,0.01012579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964741,0.00003426044,0.002691309,0.0002927967,0.0001559069,0.000002574227,0.000001003811,0.000001908327,0.0003461436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1640579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3117001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04770556879928416,"score_gpt":0.2980046521902646,"score_spread":0.2502990833909804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}