{"id":"W2105403029","doi":"10.1257/aer.p20151051","title":"Informal Employment in a Growing and Globalizing Low-Income Country","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Informal sector; Workforce; Labour economics; Economics; Work (physics); Demographic economics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004386326,0.00007473703,0.0001108137,0.000802579,0.0004987436,0.001021765,0.0001169657,0.0001294063,0.002794677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008938139,0.00004087727,0.00005450818,0.001494371,0.0004709936,0.000635125,0.0004225866,0.0003364719,0.000157517],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007302058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001154013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02683837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03172749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998443,0.00004769928,0.000009683694,0.00001466025,0.00003216914,0.00005150802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991326,0.0001651072,0.0003801293,0.00002544057,0.0001557295,0.0001410957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001437002,0.0002202895,0.6332008,0.002211569,0.00009412492,0.003111239,0.01474417,0.002799554,0.0008765975,0.1307268,0.02456584,0.1873053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001737485,0.0001395396,0.813859,0.001426966,0.00004166818,0.0007953353,0.0229638,0.0008939467,0.0002317924,0.009577207,0.1500362,0.00001715753],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9158964,0.02040738,0.0006787406,0.00507652,0.0001273392,0.00002641426,0.0007918337,0.00001031106,0.05698508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817668,0.0140611,0.0001674489,0.000358604,0.00007836998,0.000009135475,0.0003146627,0.000003050293,0.003240857],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02683837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05336428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03689827460127029,"score_gpt":0.2691438971405701,"score_spread":0.2322456225392998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}