{"id":"W2105915529","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2172455","title":"Identifying International Start Dates for Algorithmic Trading and High Frequency Trading","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"High-frequency trading; Algorithmic trading; Business; Electronic trading; Alternative trading system; Trading strategy; Pairs trade; Computer science; Financial economics; Economics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002361569,0.0006945686,0.0006819632,0.003173169,0.0007200766,0.003621345,0.001079399,0.001469675,0.00677384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02401826,0.0005318021,0.0007289144,0.001622841,0.0008871491,0.00342861,0.00138298,0.001929375,0.001049652],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005394344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007341376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009132361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00145774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993838,0.0001772568,0.00005172643,0.00014931,0.0001286968,0.0001091761],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9831366,0.01183848,0.002303201,0.00117894,0.0008782092,0.0006646181],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001755076,0.0005397673,0.1579303,0.0003551608,0.0002481348,0.001603263,0.0007394841,0.2356481,0.01054627,0.3894713,0.007184331,0.1939789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007442221,0.0001305423,0.02444211,0.00008334463,0.00007133266,0.0004387837,0.0002494239,0.7649201,0.003979878,0.2030063,0.002543752,0.00006007923],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6933437,0.0009089768,0.2844524,0.0004444018,0.0001460423,0.00008952335,0.0005193525,0.0006137756,0.01948182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9729354,0.0001796201,0.02412792,0.00002167829,0.00007087636,0.00003239792,0.0004283406,0.0000836198,0.002120215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00677384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02266073,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03374810524691804,"score_gpt":0.2410470138266759,"score_spread":0.2072989085797579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}