{"id":"W2105915932","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2015-0193","title":"Observations of hydraulic fracturing in soils through field testing and numerical simulations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Council","keywords":"Geotechnical engineering; Hydraulic fracturing; Geology; Soil water; Shearing (physics); Drilling; Permeability (electromagnetism); Computer simulation; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004149525,0.0003355989,0.0003769744,0.0008238315,0.0003823921,0.0002992658,0.0006074657,0.0005761964,0.001079603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008811455,0.0001555159,0.0002537407,0.0006426148,0.0006123561,0.0003650909,0.0002699626,0.0003524589,0.0001148431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000423664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002885456,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005300391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008595708,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997962,0.00002525959,0.00002137077,0.0000352542,0.00006920486,0.00005273199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989737,0.0005047441,0.0001436764,0.0001175232,0.0001861747,0.00007423217],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007585126,0.001120604,0.07595772,0.0003368813,0.00006265645,0.00132811,0.0007559739,0.7058111,0.1755674,0.001691832,0.00106439,0.0355446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007729885,0.0007182577,0.01918506,0.00002074766,0.00001720926,0.0001238416,0.0003136195,0.9373416,0.04114199,0.0004577642,0.0005668715,0.00003579882],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972421,0.00002579321,0.001462256,0.0000215657,0.000003231902,0.00002264136,0.0002153517,0.00008804095,0.0009190717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980636,0.00002232667,0.001605449,0.000002934624,0.000001136612,0.00001645904,0.00009438253,0.000004051705,0.0001894978],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005300391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01053911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05232831264258116,"score_gpt":0.248310546913267,"score_spread":0.1959822342706858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}