{"id":"W2106847281","doi":"10.34989/swp-2006-33","title":"Are Canadian Banks Efficient? A Canada–U.S. Comparison","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Financial system; Economics; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003467287,0.000429311,0.0005901451,0.007127527,0.004193523,0.005859327,0.00106835,0.0007229591,0.009767397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01287998,0.0002505434,0.0007021825,0.01699944,0.001502642,0.001476822,0.00120362,0.0008344118,0.0007187702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.07339939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05721559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9892189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9936014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9945878,0.0003164261,0.0002130654,0.0004153544,0.002625055,0.001842358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9779428,0.001610771,0.001997181,0.000601572,0.01635181,0.001495979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000896484,0.0001593446,0.3303933,0.0008095623,0.0006201798,0.0007911769,0.005892905,0.00792342,0.0008959756,0.2172233,0.2247027,0.2096917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009432226,0.0000789303,0.774821,0.0005302482,0.0003951275,0.0003074558,0.007925597,0.002418853,0.00104573,0.0038133,0.2084375,0.0001318912],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4423619,0.02300758,0.002890422,0.03738498,0.0003491718,0.0001311336,0.02171278,0.0002097084,0.4719523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9691885,0.007809419,0.001481688,0.00216897,0.00007390513,0.00002784968,0.00613773,0.0000591834,0.01305285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07339939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5325524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04161357961302702,"score_gpt":0.2807036276509626,"score_spread":0.2390900480379356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}