{"id":"W2107078751","doi":"10.1002/9781118991978.hces199","title":"Clean Energy‐Based Production of Hydrogen: An Energy Carrier","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Handbook of Clean Energy Systems","topic":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Hydrogen economy; Energy carrier; Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Renewable energy; Hydrogen technologies; Production (economics); Waste management; Context (archaeology); Carbon sequestration; Carbon footprint; Steam reforming; Coal; Hydrogen fuel; Natural resource economics; Hydrogen; Engineering; Climate change; Carbon dioxide; Economics; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002063079,0.0004381239,0.0008067392,0.0006610692,0.00002913806,0.00001710212,0.0004464242,0.0006581835,0.00006709796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003126356,0.0004357058,0.0001218315,0.0002838912,0.0001851226,0.00006155228,0.00003083963,0.000115527,0.000003578589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007823334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009329787,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002447103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001371146,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998022,0.0001039119,0.000679613,0.0004478769,0.0004439229,0.0003027435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998019,0.00001922096,0.000482629,0.001188757,0.0001580911,0.0001322623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003715451,0.0001036188,0.00002016134,0.000824916,0.0004163828,0.000006616664,0.0001757956,0.04551797,0.005089147,0.003661792,0.8638955,0.0802509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002594549,0.0001230758,7.391013e-7,0.001086911,0.00005292017,0.000007351512,0.0003388002,0.006794025,0.2788966,0.00003410047,0.7120169,0.0003890544],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001387519,0.07175091,0.1154959,0.0000577323,0.01111088,0.0006956142,0.0009057837,0.0106761,0.7879195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7088957,0.001800982,0.0004306215,0.00001849239,0.00118889,0.0001578858,0.0005872019,0.001125246,0.285795],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7075081,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998094,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01730202095797872,"score_gpt":0.2086894163674358,"score_spread":0.191387395409457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}