{"id":"W2107082409","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2015.1036289","title":"Porosity, Bulk Density, and Volume Reduction During Drying: Review of Measurement Methods and Coefficient Determinations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Drying Technology","topic":"Food Drying and Modeling","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Porosity; Porosimetry; Bulk density; Volume (thermodynamics); Materials science; Water content; Mineralogy; Porous medium; Soil science; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Composite material; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001064595,0.0001067,0.0002306633,0.00005570925,0.0001778033,0.0000176281,0.0001211632,0.0001197829,0.000003392644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004392395,0.00005550293,0.00002959015,0.0003123338,0.0001343629,0.00005265013,0.0002363082,0.000125961,0.000001180076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004489844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001120383,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007419923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002465749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990321,0.00007367879,0.0002457572,0.0002789921,0.0001895927,0.0001798553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994207,0.00002101854,0.0001281512,0.00008487025,0.000275885,0.00006938731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007617845,0.0000472734,0.001588279,0.0002749208,0.00001220967,0.000001939673,0.0001019931,0.000009882303,0.8362468,0.000229867,0.00005833422,0.1614209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008112983,0.001029896,0.01406905,0.004902779,0.000237798,0.0008151486,0.001816271,0.002331386,0.9622579,0.006243842,0.004631887,0.0008527588],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865557,0.01008547,0.0003635047,0.002502789,0.000100139,0.0001806107,0.000001849935,0.0001387238,0.00007123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937399,0.00121189,0.004935918,0.00004047138,0.00002736341,0.00001274926,0.000003315209,0.000001337119,0.00002706993],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1605682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2263344,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06409260728672257,"score_gpt":0.3032366314739806,"score_spread":0.2391440241872581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}