{"id":"W2107190886","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00787.x","title":"Allee effects in biological invasions","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology Letters","topic":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":763,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Allee effect; Ecology; Biology; Invasive species; Population; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001000617,0.0000909739,0.00009617737,0.00004596161,0.00003625497,0.00000389011,0.0001288085,0.0001637559,0.00004895987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008433456,0.00008498105,0.00004889776,0.00005175991,0.00009528582,0.00000127809,0.00007984625,0.00009581056,0.000104981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002482918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000194949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003996749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007679198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992846,0.00008602088,0.0001252933,0.0002344772,0.00003351332,0.0002361128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997283,0.00002684849,0.00002619343,0.0001608509,0.000008725571,0.0000490504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004177215,0.0001861835,0.2808822,0.000005475496,0.00004128007,0.00002288302,0.00004160908,0.004110737,0.6855363,0.0003910477,0.02712125,0.001619254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001352429,0.0003075449,0.9384047,0.000004445697,0.00000794256,0.00003343159,0.0000162761,0.001199342,0.005180558,0.00008475043,0.0531381,0.0002704729],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913779,0.0001002886,0.001295416,0.006310453,0.0001460097,0.0001280776,0.00000177089,0.00001234943,0.000627681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837537,0.00006720995,0.002300288,0.01344682,0.0001531856,0.00002228586,0.00005187908,0.000007638959,0.0001970139],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6803558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3465427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01102540151693364,"score_gpt":0.2263616928260384,"score_spread":0.2153362913091048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}