{"id":"W2107390460","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-1338.2006.00255.x","title":"Does Spatial Variation in Heterogeneity Matter? Assessing the Adoption Patterns of Business Improvement Districts","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Policy Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Public good; Scope (computer science); Preference; Business; Public economics; Space (punctuation); Collective action; Spatial heterogeneity; Quality (philosophy); Economics; Marketing; Microeconomics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004563057,0.0001002535,0.0004515914,0.001669455,0.0004503124,0.0012951,0.0006232942,0.0004252331,0.002325126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02008603,0.0002113091,0.0003889309,0.004080873,0.001008396,0.0008175191,0.000747609,0.0003658325,0.0001957394],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000823826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005449927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02146134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03162551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948105,0.002989339,0.0003009799,0.0008648779,0.0006329453,0.0004014595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9710696,0.01213236,0.01130495,0.002436592,0.002206744,0.0008497448],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006578646,0.0000285456,0.9921939,0.00003317751,0.0001688417,0.00003348885,0.0004408208,0.0006466104,0.0001104627,0.0005678657,0.0002120039,0.005498485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008325462,0.0000572588,0.9953586,0.00002505429,0.00006808754,0.00003125568,0.002115868,0.001007913,0.0001238942,0.0003571782,0.0008393121,0.000007251397],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975769,0.0003635195,0.0004181855,0.0001905999,0.000003564384,0.00001210265,0.0002532202,0.000004098373,0.001177846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996314,0.00007295562,0.00008153696,0.000009062834,0.000003017399,0.000004154731,0.0001120404,9.389045e-7,0.00008493799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02146134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04267281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04756947645967354,"score_gpt":0.4247996479840605,"score_spread":0.377230171524387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}