{"id":"W2107570674","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2161587","title":"Signaling in Equity Crowdfunding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Equity crowdfunding; Corporate governance; Commit; Equity (law); Business; Certification; Initial public offering; Accounting; Finance; Seed money; Context (archaeology); Government (linguistics); Economics; Management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004323922,0.0003504144,0.0009639867,0.001403254,0.002119194,0.006963994,0.001007176,0.00601713,0.01403406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02303,0.0004715132,0.0004399077,0.001103495,0.003257411,0.006608305,0.002479656,0.00289842,0.0009476687],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00175356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001451604,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002900789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002264686,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980705,0.0007521845,0.00008749787,0.0002736193,0.0003165141,0.0004997286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9785055,0.01480043,0.003543198,0.0009614621,0.0009647164,0.001224852],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002722894,0.0001325916,0.004737705,0.0001042666,0.0000331405,0.0004416715,0.0009082073,0.01026488,0.0009103023,0.9393119,0.01325114,0.02963206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005112946,0.00004509749,0.001958108,0.00007056491,0.00003088081,0.00009674337,0.0006425547,0.02136145,0.0005274666,0.9656585,0.009518694,0.00003882601],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5831056,0.006310294,0.05530805,0.04968837,0.001010455,0.0001316481,0.0005602662,0.0004198043,0.3034656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914198,0.0004167016,0.0005775277,0.0004388199,0.0002943171,0.00001549873,0.00002279671,0.00001145932,0.006803223],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01403406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04694861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02562135915556372,"score_gpt":0.2672371689635863,"score_spread":0.2416158098080226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}