{"id":"W2107714127","doi":"10.1002/hec.1261","title":"Subject variation more than values clarification explains the reliability of willingness to pay estimates","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Health Economics","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Alberta Health Services","funders":"","keywords":"Contingent valuation; Willingness to pay; Reliability (semiconductor); Criticism; Valuation (finance); Variation (astronomy); Subject (documents); Economics; Value (mathematics); Actuarial science; Psychology; Econometrics; Positive economics; Microeconomics; Statistics; Computer science; Mathematics; Law; Political science; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.035732,0.000528688,0.001263286,0.001099249,0.00201085,0.003095382,0.002195391,0.02802567,0.003291066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1858723,0.0006339375,0.0009981024,0.001406017,0.01323148,0.006605661,0.001965749,0.02131673,0.002289245],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005712425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002317029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007492167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006909821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9733559,0.01464724,0.00157894,0.003758889,0.005684165,0.0009748788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6805449,0.2900347,0.007994087,0.00654766,0.01360029,0.001278489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005017686,0.00006661515,0.01400596,0.0002270946,0.0001290287,0.003234069,0.003757817,0.0008155499,0.0005702041,0.137483,0.743967,0.0952419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002944539,0.0002157635,0.02367705,0.0009851019,0.0001139735,0.005784966,0.00298923,0.008763061,0.00195025,0.4018364,0.553078,0.0003118104],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.002167442,0.001494523,0.001758985,0.9889392,0.001372487,0.000006231913,0.00004547139,0.00002315101,0.004192649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08149847,0.002053533,0.002434987,0.8950863,0.01262745,0.00005392326,0.00004046553,0.00007089627,0.006133894],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.035732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1889712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1030035848361777,"score_gpt":0.2721907122895278,"score_spread":0.1691871274533501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}