{"id":"W2107917899","doi":"10.1007/s11113-008-9125-2","title":"The Demographic Foundations of Rising Employment and Earnings among Single Mothers in Canada and the United States, 1980–2000","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Population Research and Policy Review","topic":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Ministry of Labour; Statistics Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Baby boom; Earnings; Demographic economics; Welfare; Economics; Single mothers; Population; Welfare state; Demographic change; Boom; Cohort; Developed country; Demography; Labour economics; Political science; Psychology; Medicine; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00129603,0.0001253085,0.0002452918,0.002322379,0.001957423,0.001406757,0.000946441,0.0005796308,0.001408589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003755103,0.0001806873,0.0003359532,0.00491583,0.001169949,0.0005621012,0.000773281,0.0009029756,0.00008929508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02324947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05183575,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9880464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9943821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999422,0.00005112069,0.00003545852,0.00005033639,0.0001605498,0.0002805047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975327,0.0002329656,0.000490698,0.00004539506,0.001189865,0.0005084362],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001426924,0.00005491721,0.9570859,0.0001514801,0.00008550216,0.00020462,0.002291161,0.0003449659,0.0001533932,0.002249738,0.004057452,0.03317809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003137487,0.000006411316,0.9935212,0.00006964461,0.00002166033,0.00003156068,0.003251657,0.00009425828,0.00004656806,0.0001403328,0.002808026,0.000005567874],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9512636,0.02547635,0.0001312629,0.009416737,0.000118943,0.0000322345,0.006147898,0.00001180064,0.007401163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831657,0.01367165,0.0001010755,0.0004143191,0.00004917316,0.00001103624,0.001274146,0.000003026478,0.00130973],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02324947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1686875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06548275993126319,"score_gpt":0.3848214067906058,"score_spread":0.3193386468593427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}