{"id":"W2108446107","doi":"10.1017/s1366728914000273","title":"Flexibility in task switching by monolinguals and bilinguals","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bilingualism Language and Cognition","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Task switching; Cognitive flexibility; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; Flexibility (engineering); Task (project management); Cognitive psychology; Stimulus (psychology); Code-switching; Cognition; Communication; Linguistics; Engineering; Neuroscience; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001062299,0.0003412467,0.0004251407,0.0002340684,0.0002117297,0.000123336,0.000176294,0.0002267008,0.00003938831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002682901,0.0003059619,0.00006214522,0.0002821245,0.0002255942,0.0002345321,0.00013241,0.0003906635,0.00001519356],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001762166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003236119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002464466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001144013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971122,0.0005419595,0.0005436933,0.001064031,0.000223646,0.0005144603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983007,0.0009720486,0.0001733518,0.0003455367,0.00004321673,0.0001651581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000596836,0.0001130867,0.0003880618,0.00006374103,0.000004206997,0.0002345797,0.01030928,0.000001132463,0.9335526,0.0002364562,0.00003174874,0.05500538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002957725,0.0003775414,0.0004763227,0.0002041923,0.00007163626,0.000943659,0.005573759,0.001003407,0.9724295,0.01338661,0.001546722,0.001028973],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963669,0.001376602,0.0001104541,0.000261932,0.000139273,0.0004087357,0.00003987927,0.0001990183,0.001097193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947076,0.0002360319,0.0001700521,0.004453889,0.0002120428,0.00002399089,0.00003689076,0.00003660134,0.0001229079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05397641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01713807499124668,"score_gpt":0.2835774657534885,"score_spread":0.2664393907622418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}