{"id":"W2108543972","doi":"10.2514/1.43255","title":"Investigation of Dynamics of Lean Turbulent Premixed Flames by Rayleigh Scattering","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIAA Journal","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Premixed flame; Turbulence; Bunsen burner; Laminar flame speed; Turbulence kinetic energy; Mechanics; Flame structure; Materials science; Diffusion flame; Particle image velocimetry; Combustor; Propane; Flame speed; Curvature; Combustion; Rayleigh scattering; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Geometry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000134003,0.00009271053,0.0001523495,0.00009726638,0.00002815605,0.0000149859,0.0001187952,0.00005277615,0.0000424233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001311078,0.00009366335,0.00006326519,0.0001122976,0.00003691317,0.0001117076,0.000008377751,0.0002004066,0.000001555841],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008352019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001438975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002387557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003052433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993078,0.00001268653,0.0003417499,0.00005693857,0.0001558157,0.000125033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996376,0.00001678153,0.000107033,0.0001034183,0.00006206425,0.00007307242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007698293,0.0001031164,0.02682984,0.0003398229,0.0002481664,0.00002776127,0.003074042,0.2610049,0.5823143,0.005682312,0.01372463,0.1065742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001230403,0.0002489145,0.03220022,0.0004175199,0.0000671443,0.0003245728,0.0002656927,0.8902431,0.06503528,0.009140993,0.0004022185,0.0004239155],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809676,0.0001765385,0.01785256,0.0004542662,0.0001692022,0.00004345696,0.00000579515,0.00004022522,0.0002904044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985278,0.0001899033,0.00112366,0.00004017331,0.00004165825,3.610776e-7,0.00001457258,0.0000118541,0.00005006614],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6292382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3819481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00633120915098347,"score_gpt":0.1888064765645265,"score_spread":0.182475267413543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}