{"id":"W2108683889","doi":"10.1109/58.883525","title":"A history of medical and biological imaging with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) transducers","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","topic":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","field":"Medicine","cited_by":247,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Health Sciences Centre; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Polyvinylidene fluoride; Transducer; Materials science; Ceramic; Medical imaging; Acoustics; Nondestructive testing; Acoustic impedance; Ultrasonic sensor; Ultrasound; Ferroelectricity; Biomedical engineering; Polymer; Composite material; Optoelectronics; Radiology; Engineering; Dielectric; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003394703,0.0002954528,0.0005295709,0.0003109352,0.0001161748,0.00001943172,0.0001117275,0.0001786105,0.0004645967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002787373,0.000228899,0.0001493605,0.0003668995,0.0004824878,0.000108073,2.574834e-7,0.0006805346,0.000002618931],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001396782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003820061,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003565765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003427566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981084,0.00007476569,0.0003909312,0.0004569753,0.0005291719,0.0004396932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988687,0.0003490971,0.00006890527,0.0002328129,0.00009378745,0.0003867182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004213568,0.001884367,0.02316086,0.0002618607,0.001193355,0.0001977675,0.001881883,0.0001398444,0.118006,0.0005788882,0.000238572,0.8482431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.2394852,0.07005014,0.1908197,0.007404723,0.01933086,0.06098797,0.002426934,0.2481086,0.0332051,0.00479453,0.1087374,0.0146489],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7961947,0.01062249,0.1876778,0.002482874,0.0002442542,0.0005620813,0.00005795789,0.0001764912,0.001981309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912177,0.006236183,0.001269678,0.0009774329,0.0000380927,0.00003229396,0.00000457775,0.0000334189,0.0001906769],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8335941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9334232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009179492176416467,"score_gpt":0.2183925411051616,"score_spread":0.2092130489287451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}