{"id":"W2108722879","doi":"10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00410.x","title":"Fiscal Externalities of Becoming a Parent","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Population and Development Review","topic":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Employment and Social Development Canada","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute on Aging","keywords":"Externality; Economics; Population; Homogeneous; Argument (complex analysis); Demographic economics; Public economics; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009163417,0.0001497487,0.0001736087,0.0008955691,0.0004217489,0.0008136383,0.0002006007,0.0002614482,0.004689183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003560509,0.0001039787,0.000381379,0.000887462,0.0004757155,0.0006788083,0.001083871,0.0005874735,0.0001908563],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001717524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000909597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01214148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01450791,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996093,0.0001429767,0.00002745037,0.00003724577,0.00008965268,0.00009345039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984971,0.0004421783,0.0006113488,0.0000816482,0.0001872286,0.000180511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004856059,0.000258803,0.7344496,0.0002931121,0.0002889418,0.00193389,0.002059273,0.01695941,0.0008207508,0.09860219,0.004932782,0.1389157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002540578,0.0002059689,0.8988684,0.0003564619,0.0001847798,0.003336691,0.00514125,0.002975045,0.0007468039,0.03647649,0.05164418,0.00003856991],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9181476,0.004268129,0.001609913,0.002014183,0.00005694017,0.00002956376,0.0009263427,0.00001454575,0.07293285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917024,0.003224371,0.0003179384,0.0001635009,0.00003166831,0.00001035233,0.0003992927,0.000004208807,0.004146327],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01214148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02414167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1376126102940912,"score_gpt":0.3407707818473888,"score_spread":0.2031581715532976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}