{"id":"W2108722879","doi":"10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00410.x","title":"Fiscal Externalities of Becoming a Parent","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Population and Development Review","topic":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Employment and Social Development Canada","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute on Aging","keywords":"Externality; Economics; Population; Homogeneous; Argument (complex analysis); Demographic economics; Public economics; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003811787,0.0000536523,0.0001398512,0.00002407094,0.000117447,0.000008088741,0.00005288111,0.00002386589,0.000162733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003882506,0.00004640293,0.0000205281,0.00006549715,0.00003013413,0.00006694553,0.00001899596,0.00002397959,0.000004971146],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002246397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004118295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007429389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004951828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999356,0.00005851542,0.0002553081,0.00008401397,0.0001488722,0.00009724763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997594,0.000012727,0.00009387798,0.0000495771,0.00003428269,0.00005014349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001250226,0.00002073037,0.9115121,0.0004441059,0.000008768199,3.454639e-7,0.02012825,8.036287e-8,5.391395e-7,0.01848975,0.00008849772,0.04930552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006165541,0.000003937047,0.9675945,0.000521419,0.00001008004,3.756457e-7,0.001527402,0.000003816034,0.000001775722,0.0009903312,0.02920406,0.00008064137],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9190996,0.05333325,0.002341618,0.0002849562,0.000407011,0.0005801082,0.000003520418,0.0000613427,0.02388856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9591725,0.03313569,0.006820353,0.0003533494,0.00001992527,0.00001193248,0.00001280713,0.000003786087,0.0004696501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05608234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1892257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1376126102940912,"score_gpt":0.3407707818473888,"score_spread":0.2031581715532976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}