{"id":"W2108983607","doi":"10.1109/pesw.2000.850048","title":"Using optimization models and techniques to implement electricity auctions","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2000 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37077)","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Lagrange multiplier; Mathematical optimization; Lagrangian relaxation; Common value auction; Duality (order theory); Computer science; Relaxation (psychology); Duality gap; Optimization problem; Mathematical economics; Mathematics; Economics; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002250362,0.001492941,0.001053346,0.0007769131,0.0005671224,0.002720816,0.001500896,0.001575903,0.005276266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006356579,0.0009280518,0.001668639,0.001345487,0.0009950205,0.003396817,0.001642954,0.003168832,0.001619108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001098042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001069868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001626291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001427609,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982279,0.0008533194,0.00009379307,0.0001849495,0.0005296234,0.0001103867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983522,0.001092168,0.0001735853,0.0001904092,0.0001610075,0.0000306256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002580043,0.00008090645,0.0001742716,0.0001560047,0.00005806963,0.00008472319,0.00008357267,0.4442363,0.0008287617,0.5157089,0.001874358,0.03668838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002794376,0.00003680589,0.00004703175,0.00004359327,0.00001874076,0.00007128371,0.00002467306,0.7771283,0.000521814,0.2125467,0.009517461,0.00001563898],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001292686,0.000386865,0.9929814,0.0001737698,0.00004559007,0.00004253894,0.00001896157,0.00009121829,0.004966947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1798552,0.003699642,0.8034694,0.0003303495,0.000230538,0.0006394149,0.0001713028,0.0001866416,0.0114176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005276266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01765084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07984273433142627,"score_gpt":0.3211991063132001,"score_spread":0.2413563719817738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}