{"id":"W2109121987","doi":"10.1002/etc.2915","title":"Quantifying natural variability as a method to detect environmental change: Definitions of the normal range for a single observation and the mean of <i>m</i> observations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","topic":"Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Normality; Statistics; Range (aeronautics); Standard deviation; Reference values; Normal distribution; Population mean; Sample (material); Confidence interval; Reference range; Population; Reference data; Sample size determination; Environmental science; Mathematics; Data mining; Computer science; Medicine; Chemistry; Estimator","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03817208,0.001250401,0.001538945,0.005874897,0.0009778519,0.003104029,0.00220623,0.001452781,0.001801962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08921167,0.0004479538,0.001758907,0.005635751,0.003612134,0.003115667,0.002732883,0.002527714,0.0005195385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00188674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002300891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006374796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007176613,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9611961,0.01932651,0.003503566,0.005291387,0.01020175,0.0004807531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9279918,0.05010418,0.008930496,0.005971496,0.006607297,0.0003946977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008546052,0.0005322177,0.2046873,0.003550611,0.002290802,0.0007557481,0.007840168,0.04742039,0.01583146,0.1256459,0.01808406,0.5725068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001614813,0.002233814,0.400917,0.002252604,0.0009280578,0.003610221,0.004855887,0.1424766,0.0260012,0.2611008,0.1543522,0.001110086],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.03397723,0.00311693,0.9486843,0.0004284571,0.0004133761,0.0006113735,0.001713536,0.0008099098,0.01024485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4232812,0.00181411,0.5663959,0.0004479671,0.0002559659,0.002696086,0.002668752,0.0003534664,0.002086406],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03817208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2018757,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09137756181836654,"score_gpt":0.2562233178946507,"score_spread":0.1648457560762842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}