{"id":"W2109171614","doi":"10.1109/lpt.2002.807898","title":"Generation of ultrashort electrical pulses in semiconductor waveguides","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optoelectronics; Materials science; Waveguide; Coplanar waveguide; Optical rectification; Ultrashort pulse; Optics; Semiconductor; Gallium arsenide; Laser; Physics; Nonlinear optics; Microwave","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001345484,0.0001578793,0.000256121,0.0003387237,0.00002056403,0.000007762158,0.00018818,0.0002396849,0.00002193792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000744354,0.0001617966,0.00004738405,0.0005663347,0.0001166428,0.00007966963,0.000006953374,0.00034639,0.0000107811],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001078499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002506811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007007362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002674107,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989598,0.00001749916,0.0003637291,0.0002083347,0.0001069853,0.0003436282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999611,0.00004344054,0.00003463899,0.0002545939,0.00002213777,0.00003418763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001572801,0.00002442948,0.001430781,0.00001550176,0.00002400123,0.00001235,0.00002323439,0.00242106,0.9923578,0.00312839,0.0002904975,0.0002703907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001991246,0.00002372475,0.0001354441,0.00001103402,0.00001101898,0.00002580855,0.00001362118,0.03243619,0.9653578,0.0003285404,0.001289251,0.0001684007],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967229,0.0005481617,0.0007317702,0.00016836,0.0002709666,0.0001573996,0.000004089241,0.0002205274,0.001175803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997187,0.0002294448,0.002262096,0.000238476,0.00001051603,0.00003831942,0.000003128235,0.00002451847,0.000006551526],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03001513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6597875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01943377112368789,"score_gpt":0.2316549240362079,"score_spread":0.21222115291252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}