{"id":"W2109333381","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12028","title":"Do vegetation boundaries display smooth or abrupt spatial transitions along environmental gradients? Evidence from the prairie–forest biome boundary of historic <scp>M</scp>innesota, <scp>USA</scp>","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Vegetation Science","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Forest Service; Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","keywords":"Biome; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Grassland; Physical geography; Climate change; Ecotone; Spatial ecology; Evapotranspiration; Boundary (topology); Transect; Geography; Ecology; Ecosystem; Habitat","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006416894,0.00007138694,0.0001715393,0.0007594426,0.0004713336,0.000620687,0.000320794,0.0002682498,0.0005277676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002166013,0.0001742854,0.0001594532,0.0006810286,0.000919587,0.000510275,0.0006749308,0.0002525975,0.0001012208],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003025606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001836413,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01765295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04958498,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996551,0.00009900762,0.00002694602,0.0001263921,0.00004451444,0.0000479443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980847,0.0005008917,0.000819255,0.0001691465,0.0002180021,0.0002080859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000659946,0.0000117583,0.9951604,0.00001222059,0.00002028434,0.00003907442,0.0007216407,0.0001435305,0.001766298,0.00006812873,0.00004574265,0.00194495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000105494,0.000007750232,0.9992195,0.000002952925,0.000003164378,0.00001971001,0.0003700498,0.0002157178,0.00006532561,0.00001890022,0.00007434424,0.00000148654],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996268,0.00002941813,0.00006651395,0.00001214221,6.272785e-7,0.00000114954,0.00004772571,0.00000153174,0.0002141655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997842,0.00001243108,0.0000823314,0.000003989141,9.922145e-7,0.000001526899,0.00008664191,8.089419e-7,0.00002720937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01765295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0351004,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01793810389322924,"score_gpt":0.2601279440905014,"score_spread":0.2421898401972721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}