{"id":"W2109364295","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v7n1p24","title":"Dividends as a Solution to Agency Cost and Opaqueness: Theory and Evidence","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dividend; Transparency (behavior); Agency cost; Shareholder; Agency (philosophy); Dividend policy; Principal–agent problem; Cash; Economics; Business; Microeconomics; Monetary economics; Finance; Corporate governance; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005396261,0.0008789669,0.001366462,0.002097785,0.001129069,0.006395916,0.002133881,0.003955437,0.01274276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02921592,0.0007623611,0.001307338,0.001927927,0.006888437,0.00777121,0.002125484,0.004354891,0.0007263985],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003725993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002248494,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005412085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002148406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978647,0.0005808179,0.0001297681,0.0004073743,0.0007122403,0.0003051482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.946943,0.03264646,0.01371305,0.003188334,0.002500664,0.001008586],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001991976,0.0003024306,0.0122247,0.0004428935,0.0001695387,0.0003068354,0.0003341434,0.02419457,0.0003307876,0.9165655,0.002921715,0.04200768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002377552,0.0001153468,0.007550021,0.0002345692,0.0002046117,0.000235185,0.000267502,0.05333725,0.0006842855,0.9269025,0.01015216,0.00007889003],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5451484,0.05550949,0.1923823,0.03039094,0.0004981137,0.0003019006,0.0005726985,0.0004729397,0.1747232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9829266,0.006505697,0.005886391,0.0005308253,0.0002608671,0.00003353187,0.0000684315,0.00002743214,0.003760359],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01274276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04262877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02334333234260489,"score_gpt":0.2397164050301591,"score_spread":0.2163730726875542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}