{"id":"W2109775057","doi":"10.1177/0950017013511870","title":"Choice or necessity: do immigrants and their children choose self-employment for the same reasons?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Work Employment and Society","topic":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Statistics Canada; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Earnings; Unemployment; Ethnic group; Demographic economics; Census; Economics; Differential (mechanical device); Labour economics; Sociology; Demography; Political science; Economic growth; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007887902,0.0002012045,0.0002273954,0.00001493551,0.001855237,0.000408966,0.0002345292,0.000142679,0.0002231058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005081626,0.0001228212,0.000150678,0.0001852956,0.0002482776,0.0003224311,0.00008489092,0.0001367273,0.00001292832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006952615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007306497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008544795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005096305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987224,0.00009519641,0.0002230794,0.0003511229,0.0001724586,0.000435728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988669,0.0005528307,0.0001152761,0.0002154472,0.00006848232,0.0001810408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002296046,0.000172126,0.6262328,0.00002016925,0.0003639462,8.135984e-8,0.2092694,0.000002346352,0.000008561552,0.001018383,0.1099835,0.05290574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009128284,0.00007085667,0.8482757,0.00004413361,0.00008719407,8.205936e-7,0.02473765,0.00008265285,0.00001939448,0.001529505,0.1238785,0.000360715],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883137,0.002287447,0.0001597537,0.007035361,0.0001696225,0.00152821,0.00001534874,0.000112941,0.0003775757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9820721,0.007234988,0.0006082942,0.002153337,0.0007449666,0.0003883661,0.00001380142,0.00002493086,0.00675923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2220429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994442,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02100559821738525,"score_gpt":0.2741435491519979,"score_spread":0.2531379509346127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}