{"id":"W2109775057","doi":"10.1177/0950017013511870","title":"Choice or necessity: do immigrants and their children choose self-employment for the same reasons?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Work Employment and Society","topic":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Statistics Canada; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Earnings; Unemployment; Ethnic group; Demographic economics; Census; Economics; Differential (mechanical device); Labour economics; Sociology; Demography; Political science; Economic growth; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002722544,0.0001814494,0.0003962173,0.0007841521,0.0009872095,0.001536214,0.0005438077,0.0008164116,0.005449306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006242221,0.0002342662,0.0004420865,0.0007709291,0.001312587,0.001169721,0.0009227304,0.0008306618,0.0004593486],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006575243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001272991,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04861918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08752947,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990255,0.0002888259,0.00005577147,0.0001387181,0.0002397781,0.0002515646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973232,0.000723651,0.001070965,0.0002063907,0.0001782688,0.0004975378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001698594,0.00009967454,0.9892049,0.00001785265,0.00005620152,0.0001319217,0.003427041,0.00002105516,0.0001063503,0.001138062,0.0001612557,0.005465883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002029001,0.00008675928,0.9830086,0.00006125949,0.0000443025,0.0002920897,0.01429377,0.0001458745,0.000066519,0.0007353653,0.001228977,0.00001623269],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962978,0.0003652307,0.00006682468,0.00045276,0.00001693498,0.00001258297,0.000146931,8.136842e-7,0.002640108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986567,0.0001929182,0.00007052878,0.0001101406,0.000007889856,0.000007969151,0.0001021803,0.000001128303,0.0008504316],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04861918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09667236,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02100559821738525,"score_gpt":0.2741435491519979,"score_spread":0.2531379509346127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}