{"id":"W2109913618","doi":"10.2747/0272-3638.23.8.703","title":"Immigration, Polarization, or Gentrification? Accounting for Changing House Prices and Dwelling Values in Gateway Cities","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Urban Geography","topic":"Housing Market and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Gentrification; Metropolitan area; Census; Polarization (electrochemistry); Immigration; House price; Geography; Global city; Economic geography; Demographic economics; Census tract; Univariate; Gateway (web page); Multivariate statistics; Economics; Economic growth; Sociology; Demography; Econometrics; Population; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005745421,0.0001390896,0.0002413619,0.0009705258,0.0002845336,0.0002486441,0.0001193929,0.00008523038,0.0001235071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007306643,0.000161226,0.00007218597,0.000513589,0.00004868292,0.0004683951,0.00002424923,0.00006604321,0.00003152303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002831295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004864484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008760815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004289952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987604,0.000007540081,0.0005108783,0.0003417408,0.0000217574,0.0003576603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993818,0.00009364269,0.0002822832,0.0001651364,0.00003473115,0.00004235937],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001615334,0.00004889717,0.9773976,0.00007254873,0.00003297315,4.404466e-7,0.005024277,0.000137,0.000008117346,0.01488129,0.0005381375,0.001842597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004811555,0.0003487026,0.3239782,0.0002120654,0.00008296693,0.00001177454,0.006738374,0.4093105,0.000370738,0.06980902,0.1814859,0.00284019],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758741,0.003541608,0.01549389,0.0004354388,0.0003645481,0.0005148308,0.00005790583,0.00015061,0.003567065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943624,0.001602124,0.003052635,0.0001906721,0.000198137,0.00005642077,0.0000243161,0.0000442203,0.0004690517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6534194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6574606,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02136371374943552,"score_gpt":0.1941424839143131,"score_spread":0.1727787701648776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}