{"id":"W2110165266","doi":"10.1007/s00348-012-1447-5","title":"On the competition between leading-edge and tip-vortex growth for a pitching plate","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vortex; Vorticity; Leading edge; Mechanics; Physics; Starting vortex; Particle image velocimetry; Horseshoe vortex; Vortex ring; Vortex stretching; Vortex shedding; Burgers vortex; Classical mechanics; Turbulence; Reynolds number","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002465941,0.0001264715,0.0001297387,0.00006624369,0.0000833616,0.00002643528,0.0000895917,0.00007490959,0.00007620957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001464314,0.00009480218,0.00002702424,0.00006504557,0.00001921992,0.00009592781,0.00002649692,0.0001064518,0.00004227888],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005052796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002971509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004595242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.191176e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993737,0.00002396575,0.0001522175,0.0001068778,0.00009442025,0.0002488343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996951,0.0001152808,0.00001279537,0.0001124228,0.000007050714,0.00005739504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006523709,0.0001224545,0.003735584,0.0001367832,0.0001093208,0.000001774353,0.01075503,0.00001885883,0.5950717,0.3787874,0.005493714,0.005702124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001077753,0.00017341,0.002289544,0.0001633533,0.00001615846,0.000002446034,0.0002544164,0.003463078,0.97626,0.01018673,0.005728609,0.0003845211],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791524,0.0007639732,0.01533621,0.0001370534,0.0006021143,0.0003878282,0.00001010399,0.00009709911,0.00351321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971982,0.00001778344,0.002335792,0.00009264357,0.0001331947,0.00007318498,0.000009967404,0.00002679478,0.0001124606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3811882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3865921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03066919179358105,"score_gpt":0.2686207123664029,"score_spread":0.2379515205728218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}